‘Naked oats’ could cut cost for organic chicken production

WOOSTER, Ohio — Scientists with Ohio State University have received a four-year, $896,000 USDA grant to study the feasibility of incorporating so-called “naked oats” into organic farming rotations as a way to cut the cost of producing organic chicken.

The oats, which have a unique protein and amino acid balance, will be tested in the diets of pasture-raised organic broiler chickens. The chickens will be considered part of the crop rotation within a given year, where they’ll serve as both a product to sell and a source of manure to enhance soil fertility.

Purpose

The goal of the study is to develop a way to reduce the cost of organic chicken feed by growing the cereal portion of the birds’ diet on the farm, thus making it more cost-effective to raise and sell organic chicken, said Mike Lilburn, an animal sciences professor at the university’s Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center in northeast Ohio and the study leader.

“What I’m hoping is that in four years we can offer a cost-effective crop rotation alternative to organic producers, one that produces a quality organic product but decreases the cost of production,” said Lilburn.

Selling naked oats to other organic poultry producers or for use in high-value organic foods such as granola could be other options for farmers, he said.

Also called hull-less oats, naked oats are named for their lack of an outer hull compared with conventional oats.

Benefits

“Naked oats are higher in protein than conventional oats and have an amino acid profile that may reduce the proportion of high-cost, high-protein supplements that are currently needed to produce balanced organic diets,” Lilburn said.

“If our hypothesis is correct and naked oats can be used at up to 70 to 80 percent of the diet for pasture-reared broilers, this becomes a new option for organic producers.”

For now, the cost of organic chicken feed, which is typically bought off the farm, is a limiting factor in expanding organic poultry production, Lilburn said.

Organic farmers often sell their chickens only as “pasture-raised” rather than “certified organic” due to the high cost of organic feed. That cost can make the birds too expensive to produce, even if sold at a premium price.

Difference

Pasture-raised chickens don’t require organic feed but still get a premium price.

The study will be done at OARDC’s certified-organic research plots at the center’s East Badger Farm near Wooster. The birds will be kept in portable pens, or “chicken tractors,” with spelt and red clover as the other crops in the rotation.

In the study’s second year, three area “stakeholder” farms will join the project to test the diets and rotations under real-world conditions. The farms will raise two cycles of organic broilers in the second year, then two cycles of heritage-strain broilers in the third year, with a further aim being to compare the different strains’ carcass characteristics and length of time to reach market size, which is typically 6 pounds.

During all four years of the study, the scientists will also determine the chickens’ contribution to the soil fertility of the East Badger plots.

Results

When ready, each year’s findings will be shared with farmers through the eOrganic online Community of Practice hosted by the national eXtension network and through workshops organized by such groups as the Small Farm Institute and the Ohio Ecological Food and Farm Association.

The grant comes through the Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative program of USDA’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture.